Methodology

Since most data are available to researchers in a raw format, they must be summarized, organized, and analyzed to derive useful information. Furthermore, each data set needs to be presented in a certain way depending on its use. Planning how the data will be presented is essential before appropriately processing raw data. We describe the roles and appropriate use of text, tables, and graphs (graphs, plots, or charts), commonly used in reports, articles, posters, and presentations.
Furthermore, we discuss the issues that must be addressed when presenting various kinds of information and effective methods of presenting data, which are the end products of research, and of emphasizing specific information.
Text, tables, and graphs are practical communication media that convey data and information. They aid readers in understanding the content of research, sustain their interest, and effectively present large quantities of complex data. Most interested people and reviewers will scan these presentations before reading the entire text, so their importance is considered.
For this reason, we pay close attention to selecting appropriate data presentation methods when collecting data of good quality and analyzing them.
In addition, having a well-established understanding of different methods of data presentation and their proper use will enable one to develop the ability to recognize and interpret inappropriately presented data or data shown in such a way that it deceives readers’ eyes.
Currently, we publish our datasets in the form of Excel in CSV format, which contains all the incidents or data that are collected in each of the targeted topics. Its simplicity, flexibility, functionality, and users’ familiarity with the program. The following section explains the best steps to follow to help our users browse and explore our online datasets and archives.

– ODT Publications and Productions:

To build alternative archives of social history, ODT seeks to produce several graphic and narrative productions, as shown in the following table:

Dataset	ODT presents open-access datasets in the form of Excel in CSV format, which contains all the incidents or data that are collected in each of the targeted topics.

Digital Archive	ODT seeks to provide a digital repository of archives “archive balance” that contains social, political, cultural, linguistic, historical, and legal archives for the topics we are interested in.

Temporal and spatial maps	They are time and spatial maps of some incidents and topics that we present through a calendar in which we keep incidents according to their chronological dates.

Datasets directory	A detailed report issued with all publications explaining each release’s temporal and spatial dimensions, conditions, methodology, and criteria.

Statistics	Tables containing a numerical approach to all variables in the Dataset’s Excel sheet are subsequently saved as a PNG or Jpg image.

Charts	They are simple graphs that display the essential numbers in a better visual presentation of the numbers and are subsequently saved as a PNG or Jpg image.

Information gaps evaluation and availability of information papers	Through this paper, we present the availability, blocking, or centralization of information from the primary available sources, and we list the mechanisms for collecting data to target these information gaps according to the context of developments over the geographical and temporal orbit and the evolution and centralization of the type of action according to the new update.

Fact- sheets	It was listing the most important numbers that came in the Dataset and the meaning of those numbers, along with simple visual presentations of these numbers.

– General methodology key terms and definitions:




Statistical Census Unit	It is the unit of count used during the collection of information.

An information system	It is the system that is being operated to produce data, and contains the main variables that have been collected (spatial, temporal, personal, procedures, judicial, sources).

An incident	One or several acts of a person or several persons, at a particular place and time.

Dataset versions	Datasets are produced in multiple versatile database versions: 1. Publication version: a complete copy containing all the data that was produced and worked on as well as descriptive statistics and graphs. 2. Light version: contains only the data sheet in the file, with some formats removed. 3. Academic version: A light version that contains only the reliable data sheet in the file without complete formatting.

Dataset standards	They are the rules and methods we take in producing all of ODT datasets and papers.

Sources	They are the primary reference for the information that was used to record details of incidents or actions within different datasets.